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Wuhan University, School of Law School Year
2007-2008
Wuhan, Hubei Province, CHINA. June, 2008
THESIS
MASTER DEGREE
OF
INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW
«A STUDY OF THE LEGAL PROBLEMS OF STATE CONTRACTS:
THE CASE OF PETROLEUM CONTRACTS»
\u22269ç%oÆ燫«I-@????
----
\u20197àÈêÎ-û燫??
Presented by:
Name: NGOUNDOU
First names: ODILON
EVRARD
Student card number
\u23398wç†:200521060527
Chinese name
\u22995ê(c)-¼:\u23612«òi«m
Country\u22269ç%oÆ:The Republic of
Congo???
\u23398w?:\u27861-@w%o@??
Master Degree of International Law
Wuhan University, Institute of International Law
Department of International Economic Law
Under the supervision of
Professor ZHANG QINGLIN ( ??\u-24929Ù
)
DEDICATION
To my father, my family and others
I want first of all to dedicate this thesis to my
father NGOUNDOU NESTOR (and my foster mother DIBANTSA SIDONIE) who gave me so
much, education, strength and will to persevere in this life. Dear parents, I
know that you're no longer with us in this world but please, here is a reward
of your labor. You passed away before the end of my studies, today, I'm orphan
and I feel sad to finish this Master Degree of Law without you, let God bless
you where you are now. Death is the prerequisite for each human being.
Secondly, I dedicate this thesis to my aunt MAPAHA GEORGETTE and her husband
COUMBA ANTOINE who also did many things for my life for 4 years (1999 to 2003)
when I was studying at the «Université Marien Ngouabi,
Faculté de Droit» (school of law) at Brazzaville (Republic of Congo
IJ*fi). I also want to dedicate this thesis to my wife HUANG JINLING
\u-24892%o(c) \u-28207à \u29618æ and my daughter NGOUNDOU HUANG
MEI NOELLA \u20844OEö«x%o(c)»~ without forgetting my brothers,
sisters and the whole of my friends all over the world. At last, I want ask the
Congolese (Republic of Congo IJ*fi) and Chinese governments to find here the
expression of my deep gratitude concerning the full scholarship that they
granted me to study my Master Degree in China (Hubei Province, Wuhan) and more
particularly at Wuhan University, Institute of International Law, Department of
International Economic Law.
.
Odilon Evrard NGOUNDOU
«A STUDY OF THE LEGAL PROBLEMS OF STATE CONTRACTS:
THE CASE OF PETROLEUM CONTRACTS»
CONTENTS
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English contents
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..7
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Chinese contents
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10
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English Abstract
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.12
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Chinese Abstract
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14
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INTRODUCTION
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..16
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Chapter I - State Contracts and Petroleum contracts
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20
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Section 1- The definition of State contracts
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.20
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1-State contract, different from the investment contracts
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21
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2-State contract, different from contracts between States
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22
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3- State contract, different from other contracts
between State and the foreign private party:
case of the trade agreements, sale agreements, etc.
..22
4- State contract, different from government contract
.23
Section 2- The definition of petroleum contract and
different types of petroleum contracts
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1-Definition of Petroleum Contracts
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24
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2-Different types of Petroleum contracts
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26
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Section 3- The formation of state contracts: case of
petroleum contracts
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26
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1-Legal status of the contracting parties
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.27
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1. The State
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.27
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1.1. The State: subject of international law and owner of
the rights of access to the hydrocarbon resources contained in its territory
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27
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1.2. The USA's regime: Private party or Federal agencies
are landowners
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.30
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2. The foreign petroleum company: private party (an alien
= individual or Corporation) 31
2-Various stages of negotiation of the petroleum contract
32
2.1. Preparation of the negotiation of petroleum contract
by the State 33
2.2. Preparation of the negotiation of petroleum contract
by the Petroleum Company 34
Chapter II- The special clauses contained in the State
contracts and petroleum contracts
Section 1- The stabilization clause 36
Section 2- The intangibility clause 38
Section 3- Arbitration clause (compromise clause) and
international arbitration Clause
(The choice of arbitration) ..39
1-Arbitral clause (compromise clause) 39
2-International arbitration Clause (The choice of
arbitration) 40
Chapter III- Settlement of disputes: applicable law,
arbitration clauses and the jurisdictions
|
of the arbitral tribunal in case of violation of
Petroleum contract
Section 1- Some causes of the violation of petroleum
contracts
(Here, it is just about a transition chapter because did
not find a lot to say)
|
41
41
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1- Breach of contract;
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41
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2-Change of legislation;
|
41
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3-Damages caused to the investment by local messes;
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42
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4-The problems born to the legislation on the
environment;
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42
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5-Problems of the nationalization or the expropriations
of enterprises;
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.43
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6-Political risks
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.43
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Section 2- Applicable law with respect to the violation
of petroleum contracts
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...44
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1- Applicable Law: National or International Law?
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46
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1.1. National law or national stabilized law?
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46
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1.2. Combination of host country law with the
International Law Principles;
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...53
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1.2.1 Public International Law?
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..53
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1.2.2. Combination of host country law with the General
Principles of international law or of
the Pacta Sunt Servanda? 54
1.2.3. Combination of
host country law with the transnational law upheld by a big network
of BITs and TMIs? 56
Section 3- Settlement of disputes between states and
foreign petroleum companies 59
1. The host country arbitration proposals contain in:
59
1.1. Domestic Jurisdiction or international arbitration?
60
1.2. BITs (Bilateral Investment Treaties) or IMI
(Multilateral Instrument of Foreign Investment) such as ICSID, NAFTA (North
American Free Trade Agreement), the
Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) ...61
1.2.1. BITs (Bilateral Investment Treaties)
.62
1.2.2. IMI (Multilateral Instrument of Foreign
Investment) such as ICSID, NAFTA (North
American Free Trade Agreement), the Energy Charter
Treaty (ECT) .64
1.2.2.1. Arbitration according NAFTA 64
1.2.2.2. Arbitration according ECT 66
1.3. The UNCITRAL (United Nation Commission on
International Trade Law) Arbitral tribunal .68
2. Direct possibility of initiating proceedings via
international arbitration by the foreign
|
investor: «Arbitration Without Privity»
practice
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.68
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Conclusion
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.70
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Bibliography
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..71
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Annexes
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.75
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Acknowledgement
|
175
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36 3839 .39
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.70 0.71.75 175
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