Niger's Foreign Policy With France under General Seyni Kountché (1974-1987)

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A.B.U. Ahmadu Bello University

a.k.a. Also known as

AFN Association des Femmes du Niger

AFVP Association Française des Volontaires du Progrès

AID Agence Internationale pour le Développement

ANDP Alliance Nigérienne pour la Démocratie et le Progrès

AU African Union

BCEAO Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest

CDS Convention Démocratique et Sociale

CEA Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique

CEDEAO Communauté Economique des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest

CENI Commission Electorale Nationale Indépendante

CEN-SAD The Community of Sahel Saharan States

CFA Communauté Financière en Afrique (UEMOA)

CFMU Compagnie Française des Minerais d'Uranium

CMS Conseil Militaire Suprême

CND Conseil National de Développement

COGEMA Compagnie Générale des Matières Nucléaires

COMINAK Compagnie Minière d'Akouta

DAJC Direction des Affaires Juridiques et du Contentieux

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

f.o.b. Free on board

FAN Forces Armées Nigériennes

FIDES Economic and social Investment Fund

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GNP Gross National Product

GIP Groupe d'Intervention de la Police

HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries

IFRA Institut Français des Recherches en Afrique

IMF International Monetary Funds

ISPs Internet Service Providers

LDCs Less Developed Countries

MNSD Mouvement National pour la Société de Développement

NEPAD New Partnership for Africa's Development

OAU Organisation of African Union

OCAM Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauricienne

OIC Organization of Islamic Conference

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

PNDS Parti Nigérien pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme

PPN-RDA Parti Progressiste Nigérien - Rassemblement Démocratique Africain

RDP Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Peuple

SDRs Special Drawing Rights

SOMAÏR Société des Mines de l'Aïr

U.S.A.I.D. United States Agency for International Development

UEMOA Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine

TABLE OF CONTENT

CERTIFICATION 2

DEDICATION 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 8

TABLE OF CONTENT 11

CHAPTER ONE 15

1.1 INTRODUCTION 15

1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM 18

1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 19

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE STUDY 19

1.5 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 20

1.6 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 21

1.7 HYPOTHESIS 21

1.8 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 22

1.9 CHAPTERIZATION 22

1.10 REFERENCES 23

REFERENCES 23

CHAPTER TWO 25

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 25

REFERENCE 30

CHAPTER THREE 32

3.0 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 32

3.1 COUNTRY: NIGER 32

3.2 DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS OF NIGER 33

3.3 LANGUAGES OF NIGER 35

3.4 RELIGIONS 36

3.5 BORDERLANDS 36

3.6 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND COLONIALISM 36

3.7 POLITICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL GOVERNMENTS OF NIGER 37

3.8 GEOGRAPHY 39

3.9 POLITICAL PARTIES 41

LIST OF IMPORTANT PARTIES IN NIGER 41

3.10 NIGER MILITARY 41

3.11 FOREIGN RELATIONS 42

3.12 NIGER'S ECONOMY (FACTS) 43

3.13 TRANSPORTATION 45

3.14 COMMUNICATION 46

REFERENCE 46

WEBSITES 47

CHAPTER FOUR 48

4.0 NIGER'S FOREIGN POLICY TO FRANCE (1974 - 1987) 48

4.1 INTRODUCTION 48

4.2 CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN THE FOREIGN POLICY 50

4.3 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED NIGER'S FOREIGN POLICY 53

4.3.1 LAND-LOCKED STATE 53

4.3.2 THE PROBLEM OF STRUCTURAL UNDERDEVELOPMENT 54

4.3.3 NIGER'S DEPENDENCY 59

4.4 AREA OF DISCORD WITH FRANCE 64

4.5 ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH FRANCE 67

4.5.1 FRENCH AID TO NIGER 69

4.5.2 NIGER'S URANIUM 70

4.6 DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH FRANCE 71

4.6.1 EXCHANGE OF VISIT OF HEAD OF STATES 71

4.6.2 THE VISIT OF PRESIDENT FRANÇOIS MITTERAND IN NIGER (MAY 19^TH TO 21^ST, 1982). 73

4.6.2.1 FRANCE MAKES HONOR TO NIGER 73

4.6.2.2 FRANCO-NIGERIEN DECLARATION OF NIAMEY 75

4.6.2.3 IN THE FIELD OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 76

4.6.2.4 IN THE ECONOMIC FIELD 77

4.7 MILITARY AND POLITICAL INTERACTIONS 78

REFERENCES 79

CHAPTER FIVE 84

5.1 SUMMARY 84

5.2 CONCLUSION 85

5.3 RECOMMENDATION 88

BIBLIOGRAPHY 90

PERIODICALS 91

NEWSPAPERS 91

PAMPHLETS 91

ARTICLES IN JOURNALS AND MAGAZINES 91

WEBSITES 92