ABSTRACT
This work has focused on the «state political
impact on the matter of land in the rural development of
Rwanda»: the case of save sector in Gisagara district. Before the
increasing stake that represent the problem of land in rural of sub-saharian
Africa, the producers need a very suitable land political, that can bring to
them land safety and promote the economic development.
In that way this work has two questions on research
and these are:
How the state land politics can be the promoters of
rural development?
What is the best form to get land access in Rwanda?
The objectives of our research were to explain the
land political impact that can promote the rural development; to perform a
choice among different models of land regulations that are effective for the
development of rural area.
Then, our research was guided by two following
hypotheses:
In Rwanda, the national political on land has a positive
impact on the development of rural area;
The rules to have access on land and a high demographic
pressure handicap the rural development in Rwanda.
With historical methods, genetic, comparative and analytic on
one hand, and the research techniques like the documentary research,
questionnaire, interview, observation and sample on the other hand, we have
obtained the result that helped us to verify our hypothesis.
In fact, the result of our suvery clearly shows that the land
political impact is still very weak. The features characterizing the weakness
of the land political impact are the result obtained in Save sector, where 70%
of interviewed persons assert that land conflicts take the first place, 46% of
questioned persons declare that they do not know their rights on land; 68% of
our respondent assert that they ignore the lows about land and 73% of surveys
underline that the only way of land occupation remained of inheritance.
Therefore, the results quote above helped us to pin point the weaknesses of the
first hypothesis and to confirm the second one. Finely, we have formulated
recommendations :
Alerting the local population and their leader at grass roots
levels about land law; launching and increasing other non-agricultural
activities; strengthening the policy of vulgarization intending the development
of non-agricultural activities; promoting education; sensitization an
implementation of the family planning policy.
INCAMAKE
Ubu bushakashatsi bwibanze ku « ngaruka za politiki
ya leta y'ubutaka ku iterambere ry'icyaro mu Rwanda ». Bwakorewe mu
murenge wa Save, mu karere ka Gisagara.
Ku bw'ikibazo cy'ubutaka kigenda kiyongera muri Afrika yo
munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara, abahinzi bakeneye cyane politiki ya leta y'ubutaka
ibereye ishobora kubafasha kugera ku mutekano uhagije ku butaka kandi ibafasha
kugera ku iterambere mu by'ubukungu. Ni kubw'ibyo ubu bushakashatsi bugendeye
ku bibazo bibiri ari byo :
- Ni gute politiki ya leta y'ubutaka yaba umusemburo
w'amajyambere y'icyaro ?
- Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza nyabwo bwo kugira uruhare ku butaka mu
Rwanda ?
Intego nyamukuru ni ugusobanura ingaruka nziza za politiki
y'ubutaka zishobora kuzahura amajyambere y'icyaro ; gukora ihitamo
ry'uburyo bunogeye ku majyambere y'icyaro mu buryo bunyuranye bw'amategeko
agenga ubutaka.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwagendeye ku bisubizo nteganyo
bikurikira :
- Politiki ya leta y'ubutaka mu Rwanda ifite ingaruka nziza
mu iterambere ry'icyaro ;
- Uburyo bwo kubona ubutaka n'ubwiyongere bukabije
bw'abaturage bidindiza amajyambere y'ibyaro mu Rwanda.
Kugira ngo tubashe kugera ku ntego zacu ndetse no kugenzura
ibisubizo nteganyo twihaye, hifashishijwe ku ruhande rumwe uburyo bwa gihanga
mu gushakashaka bushingiye ku mateka, ubushingiye ku nkomoko, ubugereranya
n'uburyo bw'isesengura. Za tekiniki zo gusoma ibitabo, gutanga ibibazo
byanditse, kugirana ikiganiro, uburyo bwo kwitegereza n' uburyo bwo gushyira mu
matsinda mu rundi ruhande nazo zarifashishijwe.
Muri make ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byerekana neza ko
ingaruka nziza za politiki y'ubutaka zikiri nke cyane. Ingingo zerekana izi
ntege nke za politiki y'ubutaka ni ibyo twakuye mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe mu
murenge wa Save aho 70% by'abantu babajijwe bemeza ko amakimbirane ashingiye ku
butaka ari yo aza ku mwanya wa mbere ; 46% by'ababajijwe bahamya ko bo
batazi n'uburenganzira bwabo ku by'ubutaka ; 68% by'abo twabajije bemeza
ko batamenyeshejwe itegeko ry'ubutaka naho 73% batsindagira ko uburyo bwo
kubona ubutaka bukiri ubushingiye ku murage.
Hagendewe ku bigaragara hejuru, twavuga ko igisubizo nteganyo
cya mbere atari cyo naho icya kabiri cyo ni cyo rwose. Hanyuma twatanze inama
zinyuranye arizo :
Guhugura abaturege n'abayobozi ku nzego zibanze ibyerekeye
itegeko ry'ubutaka ; guteza imbere ibikorwa bitariby'ubuhinzi ;
kongera imbaraga muri politiki y'imidugudu haga mijwe iterambere ry'ibindi
bikorwa bitari iby'ubuhinzi ; gutenza imbere uburezi ; gukangurirano
kongera imbaraga muri politiki yo kuboneza urubyaro.
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