Culture et football au Cameroun. le cas du canon sportif de Yaoundé dans la région du centre; une contribution à l'anthropologie du football

ABSTRACT

This Master dissertation is entitled « Culture and football in Cameroon; the case study of Canon Sportif of Yaounde in the Centre region: A contribution to anthropology of football». The problem this research raise is to understand the inadequacy between the Ewondo's endogenous practices of football and FIFA's norms. The main question of this research is How Ewondo of Nkolndongo has appropriated football? The subsidiaries questions are as follows: How the day-to-day of football actors unfold in Canon Sportif de Yaoundé? What are the cultural items Ewondo of Nkolndongo used in football practices? What is the perception of football according to Ewondo? The general hypothesis we have formulated show that Ewondo of Nkolndongo has appropriated football by creating the Kpa-Kum Mekok-Me-Ngonda Y'ongola. Secondary hypothesis prove that: the day-to-day of football actors in Canon Sportif de Yaoundé is ruled by collective and individual trainings; event and friendly matches. Religious and magic practices, dances, songs and musical instruments are cultural items Nkolndongo associated to football's activity. The football is perceived by Nkolndongo as an athletical activity where all the resources ought to be put in place in order to vanquish and convince opponent. From March 2012 to September 2013, we have reached in Yaounde, perceptions and the practices of football at the bosom of CSY, the effect of the Ewondo's logic of Nkolndongo devoted theirselves into football practices, thus those relations between different people. Our samples included players, supporters, managers, referees, spectators or the population. Data collection was done through interviews and observations. Actors, their interest, the uncertainty area between them, strategies of management and their basic personality, help us to construct our theoretical framework. The results of this research are as follows: trainings are not effective because of the shortcomings of material and decay of equipment. Leadership and interest conflicts in Canon Sportif de Yaoundé derived of ritual practices, populatity and social glamour. Religious and magic practices are part of football in Ewondo's culture. Football, calls ndamba meko is perceived by Ewondo as a passion, an activity of social advancement and positioning.

Keys words: ndamba meko, conflicts, religious and magic practices, Mekok-Me-Ngonda

SOMMAIRE

DEDICACE.....................................................................................................i

REMERCIEMENTS ii

RESUME iii

ABSTRACT iv

LISTE DES ILLUSTRATIONS vi

LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS, ACRONYMES ET DES SIGLES viii

INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPITRE I : PRESENTATION PHYSIQUE ET HUMAINE DU MILIEU DE L'ETUDE 14

CHAPITRE II : DEBAT EN ANTHROPOLOGIE DU SPORT SUR LE FOOTBALL 35

CHAPITRE III : PRATIQUE DU FOOTBALL CHEZ LES EWONDO DE NKOLNDONGO 53

CHAPITRE IV : PRATIQUES MAGICO-RELIGIEUSES, ANIMATION DE MATCH, GUERRE DE LEADERSHIP ET FOOTBALL AU SEIN DU CSY 74

CHAPITRE V : PERCEPTION DU FOOTBALL CHEZ LES EWONDO DE NKOLNDONGO 93

CONCLUSION 117

SOURCES 125

ANNEXES i

TABLES DES MATIERES ix