Optimism of Rwandan people and economic development of their country. Case study: ''Script-writer and drawer'' A.Z.C.

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA

FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

OPTION OF MONEY AND BANKING

ACADEMIC YEAR 2004

OPTIMISM OF RWANDAN PEOPLE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR COUNTRY

CASE STUDY: SCRIPT-WRITER AND DRAWER A.Z.C.

Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Economics and Management as a partial fulfillment for the award of the Bachelor's Degree in Economics by the National University of Rwanda

By: ABIMANA ZIRAGABA César

Supervisor:

Professor NSHUTI P. Manasseh

Butare, July 2009

DEDICATION

I dedicate this work to my family and all optimistic people

DECLARATION

I, César ABIMANA ZIRAGABA, hereby declare that this dissertation entitled ``Optimism of Rwandan people and economic development of their country. A case study of a `Script-writer and drawer' A.Z.C.'' is my own work and it has not been submitted anywhere for the award of any degree.

Name of the student : ABIMANA ZIRAGABA César

Signature : ---------------------------------------

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work would have been a dream without invaluable contribution from various people.

It is on this note that I would wish to extend my sincere appreciations to my family for its unconditional love and full hand-help it rendered to me.

I am grateful to the National University of Rwanda (NUR) for its training during my academic studies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page n°

DEDICATION..... i

DECLARATION... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv

ACRONYMS AND ABREVIATIONS vii

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF PHOTOS ix

LIST OF APPENDICES x

ABSTRACT........ xi

SOMMAIRE....... xii

INSHÂAMAKÊ... vi

CHAPTER 1.......... 1

GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. Background to the study 1

1.2. Statement of the problem 2

1.3. Objectives of the study 3

1.4. Research hypotheses 4

1.5. Significance of the study 4

1.6. Scope of the study 5

1.7. Organization of the study 5

CHAPTER II....... 6

LITERATURE REVIEW 6

2.1. Introduction 6

2.2. Optimism 6

2.3. Economic development 7

2.4. Comic Strips 8

2.4.1. Anatomy of the CS 8

2.4.2. History of CS 9

2.4.2. Techniques of the CS 10

2.4.3. Place of CS in the society 12

2.5. Summary 14

CHAPTER III...... 15

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 15

3.1. Introduction 15

3.2. Case study 15

3.3. Approach of the study 15

3.4. Sources of data 16

3.4.1. Primary data 16

3.4.2. Secondary data 16

3.5. Population under study 16

3.6. Sample size and selection of respondents 17

3.7. Data collection techniques 17

3.7.1. Documentary sources 17

3.7.2. Questionnaire 18

3.8. Data processing 18

3.8.1. Editing 19

3.8.2. Coding 19

3.8.3. Tabulation 19

3.9. Data analysis 20

3.10. Hypothesis testing 20

3.11. Limitations of the study 20

CHAPTER IV...... 21

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 21

4.1. Introduction 21

4.2. Author and his work 21

4.2.1. Ingamba z'abaganizi 23

4.2.2. Ifumba ry'ubufindo 24

4.2.3. Umuti utazwi 25

4.2.4. Akaga mu Bukonya 25

4.2.5. Amasezerano y'urusobe 26

4.2.6. Amahindu mu Ruhengeri 27

4.2.7. Isezererwa ry'ibisesereza 27

4.3. Analysis and interpretation of data from survey questionnaire 29

4.3.1. Respondents' views on reading CS 29

2.3.2. Respondents' views on the importance of the work of A.Z.C. 32

4.3.3. Respondents' views on obstacles met while doing the long-term profitable project 35

4.4. Hypotheses testing 37

CHAPTER V....... 39

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 39

5.1. Introduction 39

5.2. Summary of the study findings 39

5.3. Conclusion 42

5.4. Recommendations 43

5.5. Suggestions for further researches 43

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 44

APPENDICES