Impact of the type of the cross sectional profile on urban zones road

ABSTRACT

Basing itself on the concepts of hierarchisations of the roadway network system in urban environment, this work presents the impact, the consequences that a bad structuring of urban space by road transportation systems can convey.

This thesis thus presents the dimensioning of the roads, at least the cross sectional profile, in urban environment under an aspect often neglected especially in our country Cameroun.

In order to support this work on a strong foundation, an observation was made on the town of Yaoundé the capital of Cameroun; a city which knows multiple problems in its daily functioning. These observations were based on the figures on the linear of roadway system of the city, the hierarchisation of the various ways components of the roadway network system of the city, as well as analyzes of the functionality of the plan of the city, system of transport of the city and road safety.

In order to be beneficial, by bringing something new, we completed this work withsome proposals of standard cross sectional profile for the various categories of ways constituting the framework of an urban space.

KEY WORDS 

URBAN ROADWAY SYSTEM, HIERARCHISATION, FUNCTION, FORM, CLASS OF WAYS, NETWORK    

RESUME

Se basant sur les notions de hiérarchisations du réseau viaire en milieu urbain, ce travail présente l'impact, les conséquences que peut apporter une mauvaise structuration de l'espace urbain par des voies de communications routières.

Cette thèse présente donc le dimensionnement des routes, du moins le profil en travers, en milieu urbain sous un aspect souvent négligés surtout dans notre pays le Cameroun.

Afin d'appuyer ce travail sur une base solide, une observation a été faite sur la ville de Yaoundé la capitale du Cameroun ; une ville qui connait de multiples problèmes dans son fonctionnement quotidien. Ces observations ont été basées sur les chiffres du linéaire de voirie de la ville, sur la hiérarchisation des différentes voies constituants le réseau viaire de la ville, ainsi que sur des analyses de la fonctionnalité du plan de la ville, du système des transports de la ville et de la sécurité routière.

Afin d'être bénéfiques, en apportant quelque chose de nouveau, nous terminons ce travail par des propositions de profil en travers types pour les différentes catégories de voies constituant l'armature viaire d'un espace urbain.

MOTS CLES

VOIRIE URBAINE, HIERARCHISATION, FONCTION, FORME, CLASSE DE VOIES, RESEAU

TABLES OF CONTENT

CERTIFICATION iii

DECLARATION iii

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v

ABSTRACT vi

RESUME vii

TABLES OF CONTENT viii

LIST OF FIGURES x

LIST OF TABLES x

ABBREVIATIONS xi

GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 3

JUSTIFICATION OF THE CHOICE OF THE TOPIC 4

PURPOSE OF THE TOPIC 5

RESEARCH QUESTIONS 5

FORMULATIONS OF HYPOTHESIS 6

FORMULATION OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 6

HYPOTHESIS TESTING APPROACH 6

GENERAL AUDIT APPROACH 7

CHAPTER I:THEURBAN HIGHWAY NETWORK: DESIGN, FUNCTION AND ORGANIZATION. 8

1.1. The urban roadway system: what is it 9

1.2. Parameters to be considered during the dimensioning of the width and the appendices of a road in urban environment 11

1.3. Functions of a roadway system in urban environment 14

1.4. Various categories of ways in urban environment 17

1.5. Hierarchisation of roadways in urban environment 19

CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION 22

2.1. Description of the course of the data-gathering 23

2.2. Description of the environment targets of study 24

2.3. Description of the instruments of research 25

2.3.1. Pneumatic sensors 25

2.3.2. Electromagnetic loops 26

2.3.3. Acoustic detectors 26

2.3.4. Radars with Doppler-Fizeau effect 26

2.4. Description of the model of study 27

2.4.1. The legibility and functionality of the plan of the city 28

2.4.2. Requirements of temporal delimitation: rush hours. 28

2.4.3. The functioning of the transport system 28

2.4.4. The road safety 34

CHAPTER III: PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 35

3.1. The legibility and functionality of the plan of the city 36

3.2. The functioning of the transport system 42

3.3. Impact in the field of the road safety 53

3.3.1. Human factors 55

3.3.2. Factor vehicles 55

3.3.3. Infrastructural factor 55

3.3.4. Factors influencing the quality of the road studies 57

GENERAL CONCLUSION AND RECOMMANDATIONS 60

4.1. Recall of the working hypotheses. 61

4.2. Proposals of standard cross sectional profile. 62

4.2.1. For the primary roadway network system: 62

4.2.2. For the secondary roadway network system 64

4.2.3. For the tertiary roadway network system 65

ANNEXES 66

REFERENCES 69