La biomasse, activité alternative au développement des zones rurales

• INTRODUCTION
  
• I- The Community framework
  
  • 1- The European energy policy
    
    • a) The operation of the domestic market of energy
      
    • b) The safety of the energy provisioning
      
  • 2- The Common agricultural policy
    
• II- The European situation : an economy énergovore, a rural world in change
  
  • 1- An impossible energy autonomy ?
    
    • a) Energy dependence
      
    • b) The modesty of the Community resources
      
    • c) The current solution : energy diversification
      
  • 2- Biomass
    
    • a) Renewable sources of energy
      
    • b) Biomass 
      
    • c) A potential abundance
      
  • 3- The rural world
    
    • a) Changes
      
    • b) Nonfood cultures
      
    • c) Biomass and agriculture
      
• III- Objectives of the installation of the biomass like energy
  
  • 1- reduction of the energy dependence
    
  • 2- Relaunching of the rural world
    
    • a) A durable and profitable economic activity
      
    • b) Creation of jobs
      
  • 3- An ecological concern
    
• IV- An energy with a future
  
  • 1- European programs
    
    • a) The countryside for the takeoff of the renewable sources of energy
      
    • b) Altener II, Leader +
      
  • 2- Examples to be followed
    
    • a) The power station of the Mould in Guadeloupe
      
    • a) A system of heating combined biomass-solar on a village scale
      
    • b) «Biomass Heating contractor off the year 2000 », a national competition
      
  • 3- Costs and financing of the projects
    
  • 5- Obstacles with the development of the renewable ones
    
    • a) Obstacles with the production
      
    • b) Obstacles with the use
      
• V- Prospects for widening : the opening to the PECO
  
  • 1- The energy situation
    
  • 2- International energy co-operation
    
  • 3- The role of energy diversification
    
• CONCLUSION
  
• THANKS
  
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
  
• APPENDICES
  
  • Appendix 1: HAVE energy importation dependancy, EU-15 (1995-2020)
    
  • Appendix 2: Article [39] 33 TCE
    
  • Appendix 3 : Leaves renewable energies in the primary consumption of energy of the EU (in %)
    
  • Appendix 4 : The share of the renewable sources of energy (SER) in the consumption and the energy production
    
  • Appendix 5 : Ventilation of the contribution of the renewable sources of energy
    
  • Appendix 6 : Energy production starting from wood-energy in the European Convention countries in 1999
    
  • Appendix 7 : Energy production starting from biogas in the European Union
    
  • Appendix 8 : Comparison between the current tendency and the objectives of the White Paper for the production of biocarurant in the European Union
    
  • Appendix 9 : European objectives of development of the biomass by 2003 and 2010
    
  • Appendix 10 : objectives of EAGGF
    
  • Appendix 11 : The share of the number of employment in agriculture on the total number of employment, expressed as a percentage, in 1997
    
  • Appendix 12 : Evolution of employment in the sector of agriculture and agro-alimentary, expressed in million people, for the EU, of 1983 to 1997
    
  • Appendix 13 : Evolution of the number of exploitation and the nonfamily agricultural labor, expressed as a percentage, between 1990 and 1995
    
  • Appendix 14: Agricultural surface devoted to the nonfood productions in the EU, expressed in thousands of hectares, by annual countryside
    
  • Appendix 15 : The ventilation of the contribution of the biomass
    
  • Appendix 16: detailed data concerning the production of firewood (UE-15)
    
  • Appendix 17: Evolution of the exploitation of the renewable sources of energy on the cold grounds
    
  • Appendix 18 : Indicative estimate of the public financing for the takeoff campaign of the renewable sources of energy (1999-2003) in the EU
    
  • Appendix 20 : Diagram of operation of the Power station of the Mould