| TABLE DE MATIERESI.
EPIGRAPHE...............................................................................................I II.
DEDICACE...............................................................................................II III.LISTE DE SIGLES ET
ABBREVIATIONS........................................................III IV.REMERCIEMENTS....................................................................................IV 
INTRODUCTION GENERALE 
I 
O. PROBLEMATIQUE 
1 
0.2 HYPOTHESES 
3 
0.3 APPROCHE OU METHODE 
3 
0.3.1 Technique de récolte  des
données 
4 
a) La technique documentaire 
4 
b) La technique d'interview 
4 
0.3.2 Démarche
méthodologique 
4 
0.4. CHOIX ET INTERET DU SUJET 
5 
0.5. DELIMITATION DU SUJET 
5 
0.6. SUBDIVISION DU TRAVAIL 
6 
CHAP I. LA REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE
7 
SECTION I. REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE
THEORIQUE 
7 
I.1 Le Contenu définitionnel 
7 
I.2 L'impact des taux d'intérêt de la
banque centrale sur l'inflation et croissance économique 
9 
SECTION II : REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE
EMPIRIQUE 
14 
II.1. Taux d'intérêt après la
politique de reforme monétaire - inflation 
15 
II.2. Taux d'intérêt directeurs -
croissance économique 
17 
SECTION III. LES MODELES DE VARIATION DU
TAUX D'INTERET DIRECTEURS SUR L'INFLATION ET CROISSANCE ECONOMIQUE 
19 
CHAP II. REFORMES MONETAIRES AU CONGO,
DEMARCHE METHODOLOGIQUE 
20 
SECTION I. LES REFORMES MONETAIRES AU
CONGO 
20 
I.1. Reforme monétaire de novembre 1963 
20 
a)Causes de cette reforme 
20 
b)Objectifs de cette reforme 
21 
c)Conséquences de la reforme
monétaire de Novembre 1963 
21 
I.2. Reforme monétaire de juin 1967 
22 
vObjectifs et conséquences de la reforme de
1967 
22 
vApogée et déclin de cette
reforme 
23 
I.3. Reforme monétaire du 12 Mars 1976 
25 
I.4. Reforme monétaire de Décembre
1979 
25 
I.5. Reforme monétaire de septembre 1983 
26 
I.6. Reforme monétaire d'octobre 1993 
27 
I.7. Reforme monétaire de juin 1998 
29 
A)Contexte du lancement du Franc Congolais 
31 
SECTION II. APPROCHE METHODOLOGIQUE
33 
II.1. SPECIFICATION DU MODELE 
33 
II.1.1. Le modèle théorique 
33 
II.1.2. L'équation de l'inflation 
33 
II.1.3. Modèle de taux
d'intérêt- croissance 
36 
II.1.4. Description des données 
38 
II.2. PRESENTATION DES VARIABLES DU MODELE 
38 
II.2.1 Les variables expliquées
39 
II.2.1.1 Le taux d'inflation (IPC) 
39 
II.1.1.2 LE PIB réel (PIBR) 
42 
II.1.2 Les variables explicatives
44 
II.1.2.1 Investissement total (INVTOTR) 
44 
II.1.2.2 Taux de réescompte (Taux de prise
en pension) (IPS) 
46 
II.1.2.3 Taux en call money (IM) 
47 
II.1.3.4 Indice de Prix à l'importation.
(IPM) 
48 
II.3 METHODE D'ESTIMATION 
50 
II.3.1 Le Test de stationnarité 
50 
II.3.2 Le Test de co-intégration 
51 
CHAPIII ANALYSE DES RESULTATS &
RECOMMANDATIONS 
52 
SECTION I : PRESENTATION DES
RESULTATS 
52 
I.1 TEST DE RACINE UNITAIRE 
52 
I.2 LE TEST DE COINTEGRATION 
53 
I.3 ESTIMATION DES MODELES DE LONG
TERME 
54 
I.3.1 Modèle de Long Terme de la politique
monétaire sur l'inflation 
55 
I.3.2 Modèle à LT de la politique
monétaire sur la croissance 
56 
I.4. ESTIMATION DES MODELES A CT 
56 
SECTION II. INTERPRETATIONS DES
RESULTATS 
57 
II.1.INTERPRETATION DES MODELES A LONG TERME 
57 
II.1.1 L'équation de l'inflation 
58 
II.1.2 L'équation de la croissance 
60 
II.2 INTERPRETATION DU MODELE A COURT TERME 
61 
II.2.1 Equation de l'inflation 
61 
II.2.2 Equation de la croissance 
62 
SECTION III. RECOMMANDATION DES POLITIQUES
MONETAIRES 
62 
CONCLUSION GENERALE 
65 
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 
68 
TABLE DE MATIERES 
71 
 ANNEXES Annexe 1 : Séries utilisées dans
l'estimation 
 
| ANNEEES | PIBR  |  IM |  INFL |  INVTOTR |  IPM |  IPS | DUMMY |  
| 1983 |  151.5920 |  20.00000 |  102.0000 |  30.39000 |  472.1000 |  18.00000 | 0.00000 |  
| 1984 |  102.4960 |  18.00000 |  60.00000 |  40.68000 |  514.0000 |  15.00000 | 0.00000 |  
| 1985 |  93.41480 |  25.00000 |  37.80000 |  45.88000 |  540.0000 |  24.00000 | 0.00000 |  
| 1986 |  100.3690 |  28.00000 |  28.76000 |  61.49000 |  544.4000 |  23.00000 | 0.00000 |  
| 1987 |  92.51620 |  31.18000 |  80.76000 |  23.97000 |  722.4000 |  19.10000 | 0.00000 |  
| 1988 |  106.5020 |  35.04000 |  105.5600 |  22.33000 |  765.2000 |  32.10000 | 0.00000 |  
| 1989 |  109.8220 |  44.18000 |  68.38000 |  22.32000 |  867.9000 |  42.12000 | 0.00000 |  
| 1990 |  121.8140 |  53.14000 |  256.9900 |  18.37000 |  100.0000 |  50.20000 | 0.00000 |  
| 1991 |  129.2910 |  38.12000 |  3861.610 |  12.69000 |  73.10000 |  35.50000 | 0.00000 |  
| 1992 |  130.4440 |  82.02000 |  2961.620 |  8.530000 |  48.70000 |  74.60000 | 0.00000 |  
| 1993 |  196.7020 |  81.11000 |  5332.400 |  5.720000 |  40.40000 |  74.60000 | 1.00000 |  
| 1994 |  111.2590 |  374.0000 |  9795.500 |  7.000000 |  46.90000 |  369.0000 | 1.00000 |  
| 1995 |  107.1270 |  257.4100 |  382.3000 |  9.170000 |  57.90000 |  254.4000 | 1.00000 |  
| 1996 |  110.6900 |  243.0000 |  693.0000 |  12.80000 |  56.10000 |  238.0000 | 1.00000 |  
| 1997 |  123.7670 |  18.00000 |  14.00000 |  8.850000 |  50.50000 |  13.00000 | 0.00000 |  
| 1998 |  128.4330 |  27.00000 |  135.0000 |  10.68000 |  37.90000 |  22.00000 | 0.00000 |  
| 1999 |  101.7920 |  125.0000 |  485.0000 |  11.40000 |  33.50000 |  120.0000 | 0.00000 |  
| 2000 |  100.0000 |  125.0000 |  511.0000 |  9.220000 |  38.00000 |  120.0000 | 0.00000 |  
| 2001 |  115.6870 |  145.0000 |  135.0000 |  7.600000 |  33.70000 |  140.0000 | 0.00000 |  
| 2002 |  127.0560 |  29.00000 |  20.28000 |  9.100000 |  113.4000 |  24.00000 | 0.00000 |  
| 2003 |  123.0060 |  13.00000 |  9.970000 |  12.60000 |  44.10000 |  8.000000 | 0.00000 |  
| 2004 |  69.00000 |  19.00000 |  31.74000 |  18.50000 |  42.10000 |  14.00000 | 0.00000 |  
| 2005 |  65.00000 |  33.80000 |  21.00000 |  14.10000 |  40.90000 |  28.80000 | 0.00000 |  
| 2006 |  70.00000 |  29.80000 |  8.000000 |  18.10000 |  42.00000 |  24.50000 | 0.00000 |  
| 2007 |  70.00000 |  28.70000 |  6.000000 |  23.70000 |  47.00000 |  23.50000 | 0.00000 | 
Annexe 2 : Résultats complets  du test de
racine unitaire sur  les variables du modèle 
 
| VARIABLES  | Modèle avec constante et tendance | Modèle avec constante uniquement | Modèle sans constante ni tendance | CONCLUSION |  
| ADF T - stat  | Valeur Critique à 1 % | Valeur Critique à  5 %  | ADF T- Stat | Valeur  critique à 1 % | Valeur  Critique à  5 %  | ADF T - Stat | Valeur  Critique à 1 %  | Valeur Critique à 5 % |  
| DIM | -2.198426 | -4.4167 | -3.6219 | -2.306381 | -3.7497 | -2.9969 | -1.536882 | -2.6700 | -1.9566 | (I) |  
| DINFL | -2.194712 | -4.4167 | -3.6219 | -2.169202 | -3.7497 | -2.9969 | -1.899078 | -2.6700 | -1.9566 | (I) |  
| DIPM | -1.993219 | -4.4167 | -3.6219 | -1.546133 | -3.7497 | -2.9969 | -1.617151 | -2.6700 | -1.9566 | (I) |  
| DPIBR | -2.119831 | -4.4167 | -3.6219 | -1.754540 | -3.7497 | -2.9969 | -0.565378 | -2.6700 | -1.9566 | (I) |  
| DIPS | -2.223110 | -4.4167 | -3.6219 | -2.328543 | -3.7497 | -2.9969 | -1.607474 | -2.6700 | -1.9566 | (I) |  
| DINVTOTR | -1.361680 | -4.4167 | -3.6219 | -1.906217 | -3.7497 | -2.9969 | -1.450517 | -2.6700 | -1.9566 | (I) | 
Annexe 3 : Test de cointégration des
séries du 1e modèle  
 
| Date: 08/20/08   Time: 18:36 |  
| Sample: 1983 2007 |  
| Included observations: 23 |  
| Test assumption: Linear deterministic trend in the data |  
| Series: INFL IM IPS PIBR IPM  |  
| Lags interval: 1 to 1 |  
|   | Likelihood | 5 Percent | 1 Percent | Hypothesized |  
| Eigen value | Ratio | Critical Value | Critical Value | No. of CE(s) |  
|  0.904589 |  110.0353 |  87.31 |  96.58 |       None ** |  
|  0.694583 |  55.99539 |  62.99 |  70.05 |    At most 1 |  
|  0.448710 |  28.71559 |  42.44 |  48.45 |    At most 2 |  
|  0.340837 |  15.01924 |  25.32 |  30.45 |    At most 3 |  
|  0.210398 |  5.433207 |  12.25 |  16.26 |    At most 4 |  
|  *(**) denotes rejection of the hypothesis at 5%(1%)
significance level |  
|  L.R. test indicates 1 cointegrating equation(s) at 5%
significance level |  
|  Unnormalized Cointegrating Coefficients: |  
| INFL | IM | IPS | PIBR | IPM |  
|  0.000127 | -0.146084 |  0.146294 |  0.027377 |  0.001351 |  
| -0.000237 |  0.036398 | -0.031664 | -0.058807 | -0.000612 |  
| -0.000156 | -0.047809 |  0.047303 | -0.025675 | -0.001749 |  
| -2.66E-05 | -0.004117 |  0.006402 | -0.094595 | -0.000815 |  
|  7.64E-05 |  0.001635 | -0.002167 |  0.079768 | -6.30E-05 |  
|  Normalized Cointegrating Coefficients: 1 Cointegrating
Equation(s) |  
| INFL | IM | IPS | PIBR | IPM |  
|  1.000000 | -1147.156 |  1148.810 |  214.9855 |  10.61145 |  
|   |  (181.375) |  (183.396) |  (59.0636) |  (1.15241) |  
|  Log likelihood | -550.2900 |   |   |   |  
|  Normalized Cointegrating Coefficients: 2 Cointegrating
Equation(s) |  
| INFL | IM | IPS | PIBR | IPM |  
|  1.000000 |  0.000000 | -23.26607 |  252.7036 |  1.336569 |  
|   |   |  (3.80642) |  (73.7811) |  (1.42106) |  
|  0.000000 |  1.000000 | -1.021723 |  0.032880 | -0.008085 |  
|   |   |  (0.00446) |  (0.08646) |  (0.00167) |  
|  Log likelihood | -536.6501 |   |   |   |  
|  Normalized Cointegrating Coefficients: 3 Cointegrating
Equation(s) |  
| INFL | IM | IPS | PIBR | IPM |  
|  1.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  183.8894 |  10.00287 |  
|   |   |   |  (111.719) |  (1.62192) |  
|  0.000000 |  1.000000 |  0.000000 | -2.989074 |  0.372493 |  
|   |   |   |  (5.64214) |  (0.08191) |  
|  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  1.000000 | -2.957702 |  0.372486 |  
|   |   |   |  (5.55986) |  (0.08072) |  
|  Log likelihood | -529.8019 |   |   |   |  
| INFL | IM | IPS | PIBR | IPM |  
|  1.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  6.904751 |  
|   |   |   |   |  (2.00062) |  
|  0.000000 |  1.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.422852 |  
|   |   |   |   |  (0.10265) |  
|  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  1.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.422317 |  
|   |   |   |   |  (0.10121) |  
|  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  1.000000 |  0.016848 |  
|   |   |   |   |  (0.00660) |  
|  Log likelihood | -525.0089 |   |   |   | 
Annexe 4 : Test de cointégration des
séries du 2e modèle   
 
| Date: 08/20/08   Time: 18:45 |  
| Sample: 1983 2007 |  
| Included observations: 23 |  
| Test assumption: Linear deterministic trend in the data |  
| Series: INVTOTR IPS IM INFL PIBR  |  
| Lags interval: 1 to 1 |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
|   | Likelihood | 5 Percent | 1 Percent | Hypothesized |  
| Eigen value | Ratio | Critical Value | Critical Value | No. of CE(s) |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
|  0.733956 |  71.67501 |  68.52 |  76.07 |       None * |  
|  0.572098 |  41.22090 |  47.21 |  54.46 |    At most 1 |  
|  0.376304 |  21.69711 |  29.68 |  35.65 |    At most 2 |  
|  0.305864 |  10.83899 |  15.41 |  20.04 |    At most 3 |  
|  0.100731 |  2.441987 |   3.76 |   6.65 |    At most 4 |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
|  *(**) denotes rejection of the hypothesis at 5%(1%)
significance level |  
|  L.R. test indicates 1 cointegrating equation(s) at 5%
significance level |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
|  Unnormalized Cointegrating Coefficients: |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
| INVTOTR | IPS | IM | INFL | PIBR |  
|  0.005315 |  0.022421 | -0.026826 |  0.000201 |  0.046478 |  
| -0.001676 |  0.170532 | -0.171797 | -2.13E-07 |  0.043176 |  
| -0.019544 | -0.010044 |  0.009117 | -0.000104 | -0.061188 |  
| -0.006149 |  0.062191 | -0.060383 |  5.70E-06 | -0.067574 |  
|  0.013243 | -0.001726 |  0.001911 | -3.12E-05 | -0.016148 |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
|  Normalized Cointegrating Coefficients: 1 Cointegrating
Equation(s) |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
| INVTOTR | IPS | IM | INFL | PIBR |  
|  1.000000 |  4.218414 | -5.047215 |  0.037817 |  8.744734 |  
|   |  (5.16779) |  (5.46802) |  (0.02042) |  (4.28986) |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
|  Log likelihood | -487.8747 |   |   |   |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
|  Normalized Cointegrating Coefficients: 2 Cointegrating
Equation(s) |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
| INVTOTR | IPS | IM | INFL | PIBR |  
|  1.000000 |  0.000000 | -0.765747 |  0.036316 |  7.371035 |  
|   |   |  (0.44238) |  (0.01897) |  (3.42659) |  
|  0.000000 |  1.000000 | -1.014947 |  0.000356 |  0.325643 |  
|   |   |  (0.01992) |  (0.00085) |  (0.15434) |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
|  Log likelihood | -478.1128 |   |   |   |  
|  Normalized Cointegrating Coefficients: 3 Cointegrating
Equation(s) |  
| INVTOTR | IPS | IM | INFL | PIBR |  
|  1.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.007229 |  3.259392 |  
|   |   |   |  (0.00231) |  (1.01436) |  
|  0.000000 |  1.000000 |  0.000000 | -0.038197 | -5.124067 |  
|   |   |   |  (0.00593) |  (2.60781) |  
|  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  1.000000 | -0.037985 | -5.369453 |  
|   |   |   |  (0.00585) |  (2.57179) |  
|  Log likelihood | -472.6837 |   |   |   |  
|  Normalized Cointegrating Coefficients: 4 Cointegrating
Equation(s) |  
| INVTOTR | IPS | IM | INFL | PIBR |  
|  1.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  6.166134 |  
|   |   |   |   |  (2.21928) |  
|  0.000000 |  1.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.000000 | -20.48265 |  
|   |   |   |   |  (10.2625) |  
|  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  1.000000 |  0.000000 | -20.64279 |  
|   |   |   |   |  (10.2217) |  
|  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  0.000000 |  1.000000 | -402.0837 |  
|   |   |   |   |  (268.439) |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
|  Log likelihood | -468.4852 |   |   |   | 
Annexe 5 : Estimation des
modèles 1. Modèle de long terme : l'inflation 
 
| Dependent Variable: LINFL |  
| Method: Least Squares |  
| Date: 08/21/08   Time: 19:03 |  
| Sample: 1983 2007 |  
| Included observations: 25 |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
| Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob.   |  
| C | 2.508660 | 1.854467 | 1.352766 | 0.1912 |  
| LIM | 1.070897 | 0.320333 | 3.343079 | 0.0032 |  
| DUMMY1 | 2.117906 | 0.693583 | 3.053572 | 0.0063 |  
| LPIBR | -0.925215 | 0.342362 | -2.702445 | 0.0137 |  
| LIPM | -0.252738 | 0.254824 | -0.991814 | 0.3331 |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
| R-squared | 0.787936 |     Mean dependent var | 4.863957 |  
| Adjusted R-squared | 0.74553 |     S.D. dependent var | 2.086505 |  
| S.E. of regression | 1.052552 |     Akaike info criterion | 3.117169 |  
| Sum squared resid | 22.15732 |     Schwarz criterion | 3.360944 |  
| Log likelihood | -33.96461 |     F-statistic | 18.57779 |  
| Durbin-Watson stat | 1.324104 |     Prob (F-statistic) | 0.000002 | 
2. Modèle de long terme : croissance 
 
| Dependent Variable: LPIBR |  
| Method: Least Squares |  
| Date: 08/21/08   Time: 19:49 |  
| Sample: 1983 2007 |  
| Included observations: 25 |  
| Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob.   |  
| C | 2.758760 | 1.294975 | 2.130358 | 0.0457 |  
| DUMMY1 | 0.235217 | 0.540390 | 0.435273 | 0.6680 |  
| LIM | -0.546434 | 0.227018 | -2.407004 | 0.0259 |  
| LINFL | -0.384854 | 0.122372 | -3.144947 | 0.0051 |  
| LOG(INVTOTR) | 0.674609 | 0.278373 | 2.423402 | 0.0250 |  
| R-squared | 0.496458 |     Mean dependent var | 1.216455 |  
| Adjusted R-squared | 0.395749 |     S.D. dependent var | 0.879998 |  
| S.E. of regression | 0.684054 |     Akaike info criterion | 2.255296 |  
| Sum squared resid | 9.358595 |     Schwarz criterion | 2.499071 |  
| Log likelihood | -23.19120 |     F-statistic | 4.929651 |  
| Durbin-Watson stat | 1.414777 |     Prob(F-statistic) | 0.006251 | 
Annexe 6 : Estimation du modèle à
Court terme de l'inflation 1. modèle de l'inflation 
 
| Dependent Variable: D(LINFL) |  
| Method: Least Squares |  
| Date: 08/21/08   Time: 19:26 |  
| Sample (adjusted): 1984 2007 |  
| Included observations: 24 after adjusting endpoints |  
| Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob.   |  
| C | -0.140047 | 0.195122 | -0.717742 | 0.4821 |  
| ERRORS (-1) | -0.599940 | 0.261814 | -2.291473 | 0.0342 |  
| D (LIM) | 1.053861 | 0.308159 | 3.419857 | 0.0031 |  
| D (LPIBR) | -0.185108 | 0.382201 | -0.484320 | 0.6340 |  
| D (LIPM) | -0.593023 | 0.348474 | -1.701770 | 0.1060 |  
| D (DUMMY1) | 2.378474 | 0.714569 | 3.328543 | 0.0037 |  
| R-squared | 0.709506 |     Mean dependent var | -0.118051 |  
| Adjusted R-squared | 0.628814 |     S.D. dependent var | 1.513877 |  
| S.E. of regression | 0.922331 |     Akaike info criterion | 2.888492 |  
| Sum squared resid | 15.31250 |     Schwarz criterion | 3.183006 |  
| Log likelihood | -28.66191 |     F-statistic | 8.792695 |  
| Durbin-Watson stat | 1.524647 |     Prob(F-statistic) | 0.000231 | 
2. modèle de croissance 
 
| Dependent Variable: D(LPIBR) |  
| Method: Least Squares |  
| Date: 08/21/08   Time: 20:20 |  
| Sample(adjusted): 1984 2007 |  
| Included observations: 24 after adjusting endpoints |  
| White Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Standard Errors &
Covariance |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
| Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob.   |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
| ERREURS(-1) | -0.548039 | 0.261343 | -2.097012 | 0.0496 |  
| D(LIM) | 0.277960 | 0.221890 | 1.252692 | 0.2255 |  
| C | 0.063010 | 0.093988 | 0.670408 | 0.5107 |  
| D(LINVTOTR) | 0.404840 | 0.211670 | 1.912597 | 0.0710 |  
| D(DUMMY1) | -0.602136 | 0.509940 | -1.180798 | 0.2523 |  
|   |   |   |   |   |  
| R-squared | 0.433869 |     Mean dependent var | 0.067060 |  
| Adjusted R-squared | 0.314683 |     S.D. dependent var | 0.571206 |  
| S.E. of regression | 0.472866 |     Akaike info criterion | 1.523043 |  
| Sum squared resid | 4.248446 |     Schwarz criterion | 1.768471 |  
| Log likelihood | -13.27652 |     F-statistic | 3.640282 |  
| Durbin-Watson stat | 2.285722 |     Prob(F-statistic) | 0.023021 |  
|   |   |   |   |   | 
Annexe 7 Matrixe d'auto corrélation 
|   | LIM | LINFL | LIPM | LIPS | LPIBR |  
|   |   |   |   |   |   |  
| LIM |  1.000000 |  0.710894 | -0.368743 |  0.995283 |  0.265658 |  
| LINFL |  0.710894 |  1.000000 | -0.206725 |  0.719873 | -0.171643 |  
| LIPM | -0.368743 | -0.206725 |  1.000000 | -0.343364 | -0.640379 |  
| LIPS |  0.995283 |  0.719873 | -0.343364 |  1.000000 |  0.229463 |  
| LPIBR |  0.265658 | -0.171643 | -0.640379 |  0.229463 |  1.000000 |  
|   |   |   |   |   |   | 
 |