La protection du droit à la libre circulation des réfugiés dans la ville de Yaoundé au Cameroun: cas des centrafricains

ABSTRACT

Since the year two thousand and thirteen, Cameroon has witnessed a large influx of migrants from the Central African Republic. Once known as a country of peace, Cameroon has recently experienced security instability at its borders, undermining the protection of human rights, particularly the right to freedom of movement. This right is a fundamental prerogative inherent to all human beings, which in practical terms guarantees the enjoyment of other rights.

In view of the unstable security situation, difficulties in accessing identification documents and abusive controls, Central African refugees living in the city of Yaounde in Cameroon find themselves caught between a rock and a hard place. This led us to look into the protection of refugees' right to free movement in Yaounde, Cameroon: case of central Africans.Based on this analysis, we asked ourselves the following question: how is the right to free movement of Central African refugees protected in the city of Yaounde, given the current socio-political context in Cameroon?By way of a provisional answer, we can say that the right to free movement is legally guaranteed, however remains perfectible.

Accordingly, this study consisted of documentary research on the one hand, and interviews on the other, with the aim of firstly assessing the action taken by the Cameroon Government to protect refugees right to freedom of movement, and secondly, to obtain reliable information from the people concerned by the study.

By way of documentary research, it emerged that the free movement of Central African refugees in Yaounde is guaranteed by the texts and Institutions. However, despite the efforts made by the State and the support organizations, this free movement seems to be partial, hence the need for the state of Cameroon to amend certain legal provisions, in particular the 2011 Decree on the organization and operation of bodies managing the status of refugees in Cameroon and the adoption of a specific policy to refugees.

Key words:Migratory influx, refugee, security instability, human rights, protection, guarantee, free movement, policy.

SOMMAIRE

AVERTISSEMENT i

DEDICACE ii

REMERCIEMENTS iii

SIGLES, ABREVIATIONS ET ACRONYMES iv

RESUME vi

ABSTRACT vii

SOMMAIRE viii

INTRODUCTION GENERALE 1

PREMIERE PARTIE : LE DROIT A LA LIBRE CIRCULATION DES REFUGIES DANS LA VILLE DE YAOUNDE : UN DROIT GARANTI 13

CHAPITRE 1 : GARANTIE JURIDIQUE DU DROIT A LA LIBRE CIRCULATION DES REFUGIES DANS LA VILLE DE YAOUNDE AU CAMEROUN 14

Section 1 : GARANTIE NORMATIVE CONSACREE 14

Section 2 : MECANISMES DE PROTECTION DU DROIT A LA LIBRE CIRCUALTION DES REFUGIES DANS LA VILLE DE YAOUNDE AU CAMEROUN 21

CHAPITRE 2 : OPERATIONNALISATION DU DROIT A LA LIBRE CIRCULATION DES REFUGIES DANS LA VILLE DE YAOUNDE AU CAMEROUN 31

Section 1 : MESURES ADOPTEES PAR LE GOUVERNEMENT CAMEROUNAIS EN VUE D'IMPLEMENTER LE DROIT A LA LIBRE CIRCULATION DES REFUGIES DANS LA VILLE DE YAOUNDE 31

Section 2 : JOUISSANCE DU DROIT A LIBRE CIRCULATION DES REFUGIES DANS LA VILLE DE YAOUNDE AU CAMEROUN 38

DEUXIEME PARTIE : LA PROTECTION DU DROIT A LA LIBRE CIRCULATION DES REFUGIES DANS LA VILLE DE YAOUNDE AU CAMEROUN : UNE PROTECTION PERFECTIBLE 45

CHAPITRE 1 : MISE EN OEUVRE DIFFICULTUEUSE DU DROIT A LA LIBRE CIRCULATION DES REFUGIES DANS LA VILLE DE YAOUNDE 46

Section 1 : OBSTACLES A LA LIBRE CIRCULATION DES REFUGIES DANS LA VILLE DE YAOUNDE RELATIFS AUX NATIONAUX 46

Section 2 : ECUEILS A LA LIBRE CIRCULATION DES REFUGIES RELATIFS AUX SERVICES PUBLICS 53

CHAPITRE 2 : PERFECTIBILITE DE LA PROTECTION DU DROIT A LA LIBRE CIRCULATION DES REFUGIES DANS LA VILLE DE YAOUNDE 63

Section 1 : MISE EN OEUVRE PROGRESSIVE DU DROIT A LA LIBRE CIRCULATION 63

Section 2 : MISE EN OEUVRE D'UN PROCESSUS DE REINSERTION EFFICACE 68

CONCLUSION GENERALE 75

BIBLIOGRAPHIE : 78

LISTE DES ANNEXES : ix

TABLE DES MATIERES 82